Model S · 2021 and newer

1) We install the Tesla app and log in. 2) On the phone, we turn on Bluetooth, allow it for the Tesla app, and set the app's location access to Always. 3) In Model S, we turn on Controls > Safety > Allow Mobile Access. 4) Near or inside the car, we touch Set Up Phone Key in the app and follow the prompts. Tesla warns not to leave a paired phone in the car.

We tap the key card on the reader about one-third of the way up the driver's side door pillar, holding it one to two seconds if needed. To drive, we press the brake pedal within two minutes of the scan; after that, we place the card on the center console wireless charger reader to restart the window. Key cards do not lock automatically when we walk away, and Tesla says to always carry one as a backup.

The key fob may not be included, depending on market, configuration or build date. Double-clicking the front trunk button unlatches the frunk. The Lock/Unlock All button locks with one click, when all doors and trunks are closed, and unlocks with a double-click. Double-clicking the rear trunk button opens or closes the rear trunk, and holding it for one to two seconds opens the charge port door. Passive entry works within about 6 ft (2 m).

The Model S key fob uses a CR2330 coin battery. 1) Place the fob buttons-down on a soft surface and pry off the bottom cover with a small flat-bladed tool. 2) Lift out the old battery. 3) Insert the new one + side up, without touching its flat faces. 4) Snap the cover back on and test it. Tesla warns that a swallowed coin battery can cause severe, even fatal, burns.

To add a key card or fob, we touch Controls > Locks > Keys > Add Key, scan the new key on the wireless charger reader, then scan an already paired key to confirm. To remove one, we touch the trash icon next to it in Controls > Locks and scan an authenticated key. Model S stores up to 19 keys. At least one key card or fob must remain, and the last key card cannot be deleted.

This is the Model S alert for a phone left behind. We turn it on in Controls > Locks > Phone Left on Wireless Charger. If a phone is still on a charger after all passengers get out, the car chimes and shows an alert. It is off when Keep Accessory Power On is on. Tesla warns not to rely on it, because thick cases, coins, metal objects or cards can hide a phone.

With Controls > Locks > Walk-Away Door Lock on, Model S locks the doors and trunks when we walk away with a phone key or paired key fob. It does not lock if a door or trunk is open, a key is still inside, the phone's Bluetooth is off, the driver left by another door, or Exclude Home is checked and we are at Home. Tesla says we are still responsible for checking it is locked.

We touch Controls > Locks > Unlock on Park to turn it on. After that, when we come to a stop and shift into Park, all doors unlock. It works alongside drive-away locking: Model S locks all doors and trunks by itself once we drive faster than 5 mph (8 km/h). Tesla cautions that slamming or forcing the doors, liftgate or frunk can cause damage the warranty does not cover.

We touch Controls > Locks > Child Lock and choose Both, Left or Right to set which rear door is locked. Child locks work on the rear doors only. They disable the interior door release buttons, so a child in the back cannot open the door from inside. Tesla warns to turn on the child locks whenever children sit in the rear seats.

With Controls > Locks > Driver Door Unlock Mode on, the first unlock opens only the driver door, and only when the key is on the driver's side and not on the passenger side. To unlock the other doors, we press and hold the button on the driver door's interior handle, use the touchscreen or the Tesla app, or press the key fob again.

We turn on Controls > Locks > Car Left Open Notifications. The Tesla app then sends a notification if a door, trunk or window is left open, or if the car is unexpectedly left unlocked. To make locking automatic, we can also turn on Walk-Away Door Lock in the same Locks menu, which locks the doors and trunks when we walk away with a phone key or key fob.

We touch Controls > Locks > Window Lock to disable the rear window switches, and touch it again to unlock them. Tesla warns to lock the rear window switches whenever children sit in the rear seats, to check that no one has a hand or head in the opening before closing a window, and never to leave children alone in the car. Close Windows on Lock, in the same menu, closes the windows when the car locks.

1) We stop the liftgate at the height we want, using the touchscreen or by hand. 2) We save it with the touchscreen prompt, or by holding the button under the liftgate until it chimes. Controls > Service > Remove Saved Locations returns to the default. Maximum height is up to about 7.5 ft (2.3 m), depending on suspension height and wheels. Tesla says to set it to clear low garage ceilings.

Tesla lists two limits: up to 88 lb (40 kg) in the lower compartment and up to 285 lb (130 kg) in the upper compartment, above the lower compartment cover. We spread weight evenly between the front and rear trunks, put heavy cargo in the upper compartment and secure everything before driving. Total vehicle weight must stay within the GVWR. Tesla cautions that overloading either compartment can cause damage.

Hands-Free Trunk opens the rear trunk when we approach with a phone key. The phone must support background Ultra-Wideband (UWB) and a supported Tesla app version; an existing phone key may need Phone Key > Upgrade in the app. We turn on Controls > Locks > Hands-Free Trunk, keep the phone in a front pocket and stand still at the trunk. It chimes and opens; stepping away cancels. Tesla warns to check the area is clear.

In Park, we open the frunk with Controls > Frunk, a double-click on the key fob's front trunk button, the Tesla app or Hands-Free Frunk. To close it: 1) Lower the hood until the striker touches the latches. 2) Press firmly with both hands on the green areas at the front of the hood until it latches. 3) Lift the front edge to check. Tesla cautions never to press the front edge or slam the hood.

Tesla lists a maximum frunk load of 110 lb (50 kg) and says going over it can cause damage. We spread cargo evenly between the front and rear trunks and keep the total within the GVWR, the maximum weight of the car including passengers, fluids and cargo. Before driving, Tesla asks us to check the hood is latched by lifting its front edge. If we drive off with the frunk open, Model S asks us to confirm and limits speed.

Yes. An illuminated button inside the frunk lets someone trapped inside get out: we press it to unlatch the hood, then push the hood up. The button glows after brief exposure to ambient light. Tesla warns never to climb inside the frunk, never to close it with anyone inside, and to keep cargo from bumping the button, which could open the hood by accident.

The center console has a main compartment, opened by squeezing the latch under its front lip, and a front compartment whose cover slides forward. The second-row rear console folds down as an armrest, and a rear tray covers a cup holder and a wireless phone charger. We open the glovebox with Controls > Glovebox and can set a 4-digit Glovebox PIN. Coat hangers sit above each rear window. Tesla warns to keep the glovebox closed while driving.

Hands-Free Frunk opens the frunk when we approach with a phone key. The phone must support background Ultra-Wideband (UWB) and a supported Tesla app version; an existing phone key may need Phone Key > Upgrade in the app. We turn on Controls > Locks > Hands-Free Frunk and Trunk, keep the phone in a front pocket and stand still at the frunk. It chimes and opens; stepping away cancels. Tesla warns to check the area is clear.

In Model S, all seats have heating pads, and both front seats are also ventilated. We control each seat from the touchscreen climate controls. A seat heater may turn off after about 30 minutes of continuous use; we adjust its setting to turn it back on. If it keeps shutting off or will not turn on, we schedule service. Tesla warns people with reduced pain sensation to use seat heaters carefully to avoid burns.

Tesla's Model S manual says plainly not to use seat covers. A cover can restrict side airbag deployment in a collision. It can also reduce the accuracy of the occupant detection system, which decides whether the passenger airbag is on, and of the noise-canceling microphones, if equipped. Tesla also warns not to modify the front passenger seat. So we keep the factory seat surfaces uncovered and protect them in other ways.

Front head supports are built into the seats and cannot be adjusted or removed. The rear outboard ones can: 1) Raise the head support fully. 2) Press and hold the button at the base of the right post. 3) Insert a short flat tool, such as a small flat-head screwdriver, into the opening at the inside base of the other post. 4) Pull it up. For passengers, it should sit level with the center of the head.

We touch the temperature display at the bottom of the touchscreen to open the main climate screen, then touch the driver or passenger seat icon. Each seat has levels 3 (highest) to 1 (lowest); red lines on the icon mean heating and blue lines mean cooling. With Auto on, the front seats warm or cool based on cabin temperature. Tesla warns people with reduced pain sensation to use seat heaters carefully to avoid burns.

A light on the instrument panel warns when an occupied seat's belt is unbuckled. If everyone is buckled and it stays on, we re-latch the belts, remove heavy items from empty seats, then schedule service if needed. Rear-seat reminders can be paused from the touchscreen popup, except where the law requires them. Tesla warns never to pause one for an occupied seat. The lap belt lies flat across the pelvis; the shoulder belt crosses mid-collarbone.

Model S has LATCH lower anchors in the two rear outboard seats only, between the backrest and cushion, with a child seat identification button on the seat back above each one. We lift the flap, if equipped, to reach them. The center rear seat takes belt-secured child seats only. Upper tether anchors are on the back of the rear seats and may be hidden. Tesla says children 12 and under ride in the rear.

The occupant classification system sets the passenger front airbag, and the touchscreen shows Passenger Airbag Off for an empty seat, small child seats and some children. An adult over about 100 lbs (45 kg) should see it ON, about six seconds after power on. If not, we check for items under or wedged in the seat, heavy objects, aftermarket covers or mats and bulky clothing. If it stays wrong, the passenger rides in the rear and we schedule service.

The rear seatback is split and folds forward one side at a time. 1) Clear the seats and footwell, unbuckle the belts, and move the front seats forward if needed. 2) Press the button on the seatback, or the switch on the left side of the rear trunk, and push it down flat. To raise it, we pull it up until it locks. Tesla warns to confirm it is latched by pushing it.

We touch the temperature icon on the touchscreen to open the climate controls, then touch the steering yoke (or steering wheel) icon to turn the heater on. Once on, it keeps the yoke or wheel at a comfortable temperature. Tesla cautions against getting excess hand sanitizer, lotion or sunscreen directly on the yoke or wheel, and warns never to adjust its position while driving.

Left scroll button: we push it left or right to skip songs or stations, roll it for volume and press it to mute or play and pause; it also answers and ends calls and moves through menus such as the wiper menu. Right scroll button: we press it while driving to engage Traffic-Aware Cruise Control or Autosteer, press again to cancel, and roll it to change the set speed. Holding both while parked restarts the touchscreen.

We touch Controls > Dynamics > Steering Weight and pick one of three settings. Light makes the steering yoke (or wheel) easier to turn, which suits town driving and parking. Standard is the setting Tesla recommends for most conditions. Heavy needs more steering effort and feels more responsive at higher speeds.

We press the left or right arrow button on the left side of the steering yoke (or wheel) to signal, and press it again to cancel. It also cancels by itself once the steering angle shows the turn is done. In Controls > Lights > Automatic Turn Signals, Auto Cancel ends it after a detected merge, lane change or fork, Override lets us press and briefly hold to signal through several moves, and Off means we cancel manually.

To flash the high beams, we press and quickly release the high beam button on the left side of the yoke (or wheel). To turn them on, we press and hold it until the instrument panel timer finishes, and press again to turn them off. Adaptive Headlights, where available, dim individual pixels for oncoming traffic and adjust the beam for curves; they are on by default. Tesla warns we must still make sure the headlights suit the conditions.

We turn on Controls > Lights > Headlights After Exit. The exterior lights then stay on after we park in low light and turn off after one minute or when we lock the car, whichever comes first. Locking with the mobile app or key card turns them off right away, and if Walk-Away Door Lock locks the car they turn off after one minute. With the setting off, they turn off once we shift into Park and open a door.

We press the wiper button on the steering yoke (or wheel) and select Auto, or touch Controls > Wipers. Model S then detects rain and sets the wipe speed and intensity; pressing the button in Auto briefly raises sensitivity. Tesla says Auto is in BETA and to use the wipers manually when unsure. Pressing and holding the button sprays washer fluid. Tesla cautions to fully close the hood and remove ice from the windshield before using the wipers.

Tesla says to use Stuck Assist only when we want the wheels to spin, such as starting on gravel or snow, driving in deep snow, sand or mud, or rocking out of a rut or hole. We turn it on at 30 mph (48 km/h) or slower in Controls > Dynamics > Stuck Assist. It turns off above 50 mph (80 km/h) and at the next start, and Tesla recommends turning it off once we are free.

Slippery Surface spreads traction evenly across all tires for more grip and stability on rain, snow or ice. We turn it on in Controls > Dynamics > Slippery Surface. The same menu also offers Auto, which keeps detecting the road surface and adapts traction control by itself. Traction control is on by default, and Tesla warns it cannot prevent collisions caused by dangerous driving or turning too sharply at high speed.

Usually we just shift into Park and get out; with the phone key or key fob, Model S powers off by itself, turning off the instrument panel and touchscreen. It also powers off after 30 minutes in Park, even with someone in the driver's seat. To power off from the driver's seat while stopped, we touch Controls > Safety > Power Off. Pressing the brake or touching the touchscreen wakes the car again after a short time.

Tesla suggests a power cycle for unusual behavior or a nondescript alert, but if only the touchscreen misbehaves we restart the touchscreen first. Steps: 1) Shift into Park. 2) Touch Controls > Safety > Power Off. 3) Wait at least 2 minutes without opening a door, pressing the brake or touching the touchscreen. 4) Press the brake pedal or open a door to wake the car.

It means Model S did not detect a key when we pressed the brake, for example because the phone key was not found (a low or dead phone battery is one cause) or 2 minutes have passed since we last used the key card. We place the key card on either phone dock so it can be read, which restarts the 2-minute window, then press the brake to drive. Tesla says to always carry the phone key or key card.

With the brake pressed, the drive mode strip appears on the touchscreen: we swipe up for Drive or down for Reverse, and touch P or N for Park or Neutral. Switching between Drive and Reverse needs a speed under 5 mph (8 km/h). If the touchscreen is unavailable, we use the P, R, N and D buttons of the backup drive mode selector on the center console. Tesla says to confirm Park ourselves before getting out.

Auto Shift (Beta) chooses Drive or Reverse for us based on the surroundings. It is off by default; in Controls > Dynamics > Auto Shift (Beta) we pick On, which switches between Drive and Reverse during multi-point turns or parking, or from Park. It needs the driver's seat belt fastened, the brake pressed and all doors and trunks closed. Tesla warns us to confirm every selection on the instrument cluster before pressing the accelerator.

With Controls > Mirrors > Mirror Auto Fold on, the mirrors fold when we lock and unfold when we unlock; we can also save locations where they fold below 31 mph (50 km/h). Mirror Auto Dim dims the side and rear view mirrors at night. Mirror Auto Tilt tilts both side mirrors down in Reverse; we set the position with Adjust Tilted Position, then Save. Tesla suggests turning off auto-fold if ice may form while parked.

On cars without ultrasonic sensors, Park Assist uses Tesla Vision, based on the front, rear and side cameras, to alert us to nearby objects when driving slowly: the front in Drive and the rear in Reverse. Red means closer and yellow farther. On some cars we can switch between Standard and Tesla Vision in Controls > Self-Driving. Tesla warns objects below about 8 in (20 cm) may be missed, so we always check around the car ourselves.

Vehicle Hold keeps the brakes on after we come to a stop and lift our foot off the brake pedal. It works when the stopping mode is set to Hold, and a gray H in a circle shows on the instrument panel while it is braking. To release it, we press the accelerator, or press and release the brake; shifting into Neutral also releases it. After about ten minutes of holding, Model S shifts into Park.

We touch Controls > Dynamics and choose a mode, or touch Custom to personalize it. Chill limits acceleration for a smoother ride, Standard gives normal acceleration and Insane gives maximum acceleration right away; on performance cars this top mode is called Plaid. Tesla notes the highest modes can reduce range, and that a lower mode makes cabin heating more efficient in cold weather, since raising it again needs a warmer Battery.

Track Mode is only on Model S Plaid, and Tesla says to use it on closed circuits only, never on public roads. 1) Shift into Park. 2) Touch Controls > Dynamics > Track Mode. 3) Optionally customize settings or start the Lap Timer, then drive. It changes stability, traction, regenerative braking and cooling, sets ride height to Low and turns off driver assistance features. We can save up to 20 profiles. It is always off when a drive starts.

Ride & Handling sets how the air suspension rides: Comfort gives a gentler ride, Standard a balanced and well-controlled ride, and Sport a firmer ride with more road feel. In Comfort or Standard, the suspension may raise on rough roads (U.S. only, with up-to-date map data). We can also turn on Controls > Dynamics > Use Comfort Damping in Self-Driving. These settings are disabled while Track Mode is on.

Easy Entry moves the steering yoke (or wheel) and driver's seat for easier entry and exit. In Park, when we unbuckle the driver's seat belt, both move to the exit position; when we return and press the brake, they go back to the profile's settings. We turn on Use Easy Entry when adding a driver in Controls > Profiles, or on an existing profile. Tesla warns not to use it when a child seat is behind the driver.

In Park, we touch Controls > Safety > Valet Mode and create a 4-digit PIN the first time. Valet Mode limits speed to 70 mph (113 km/h), reduces acceleration, locks the frunk and glovebox, hides Home, Work and text messages, and turns off voice commands and Self-Driving convenience features. The valet needs the key card. To cancel, we touch the Valet Mode icon in Park and enter the PIN; the mobile app needs no PIN.

Whenever we release the accelerator while moving, regenerative braking slows Model S and sends energy back to the Battery. It can be limited when the Battery is cold or fully charged; Controls > Dynamics > Apply Brakes When Regenerative Braking is Limited adds the regular brakes for steady slowing, except with the Carbon Ceramic Brake Kit. Brake lights turn on when regen slows the car hard. Tesla warns regen can cause loss of traction on snow or ice.

That is the Pedestrian Warning System, on cars equipped with it. Because electric cars are quiet, Model S plays a sound to alert people nearby below about 19 mph (32 km/h), in Reverse and whenever it is shifted out of Park, and it gets louder as speed rises. Tesla warns that pedestrians may still not hear the car, so we never rely on it alone, and we schedule service if it stops working.

When parked, it shows estimated range, an image of the car with open doors and lights, outside temperature, drive mode, alerts and the time. While driving, it adds a live view of the road and nearby road users, our speed and the detected speed limit, the cruise set speed, navigation turns and a power meter. To show battery percentage instead of range, we use Controls > Display > Energy Display. Tesla warns some nearby vehicles may not appear.

Besides the two scroll buttons, the yoke (or steering wheel) has buttons for the left and right turn signals, high beams, Camera, wipers and voice commands, plus a cruise control indicator; the horn is in the middle. Some buttons are touch-sensitive with haptic feedback, so we avoid resting fingers on them. To adjust its position, we touch Controls > Steering and use the left scroll button. Tesla warns never to adjust it while driving.

We press the brake, touch Controls and choose a height. Very High lowers itself after about 100 ft (30 m) or at 15 mph (24 km/h), and High after about 100 ft (30 m) or at 35 mph (56 km/h), unless we choose Persist. Raising to High or Very High saves the location, so the car raises there next time; we deselect Always raise at this location to stop it. Tesla cautions to clear obstacles above and below first.

Tesla says to use it only on closed courses. 1) Touch Controls > Dynamics > Drag Strip Mode; on non-performance cars the drive mode must be Insane. 2) Wait for Peak Performance Ready. 3) Shift into Drive and stop. 4) Hold the brake firmly with the left foot and fully press the accelerator; the front lowers into cheetah stance, cutting ground clearance. 5) When Ready to launch shows, release the brake. It stays active for three hours.

We press and hold N on the touchscreen drive mode strip until Neutral engages, or select N on the center console's backup drive mode selector. Below about 5 mph (8 km/h), we press the brake to leave Neutral. Opening the driver's door to get out shifts into Park, so to let the car roll, for example onto a flatbed, we use Tow Mode: in Park, press the brake and touch Controls > Service > Towing > Enter Tow Mode.

When Model S detects cold or wet weather, it repeatedly applies a barely noticeable brake force to clear water from the brake discs. Tesla warns that this is not a substitute for applying the brakes properly. On the same topic of braking, Tesla says that in an emergency we press the brake pedal fully and hold firm pressure, without pumping it, so the anti-lock brakes can work.

For trips, we open App Launcher > Energy App > Trips. It shows distance, duration and total and average energy use since the last charge, plus the current drive and any trips we have added. We tap a trip to see details or make changes, and hold and drag trips to reorder them. The odometer is under Controls > Software, at the bottom of the mobile app's main screen, and on the instrument panel.

We touch Controls > Self-Driving > Speed Limit Warning. Off shows no signs or chimes, Display shows the limit and enlarges it when we go over, and Chime adds a chime. Relative warns only once we pass the limit by an offset we choose, such as +10 mph (+10 km/h); Absolute lets us set any limit from 20 to 140 mph (30 to 240 km/h). Tesla warns not to rely on Speed Assist to set our speed.

The cameras calibrate themselves as we drive, usually within about 20 to 25 miles (32 to 40 km); straight multi-lane roads with clear lane markings, ideally the middle lane of a quiet highway, speed it up. Some features, like Lane Departure Avoidance and Automatic Emergency Braking, wait until it finishes. To restart it, we touch Controls > Service > Camera Calibration > Clear Calibration. If it is not done after 100 miles (160 km), we contact Tesla.

If a camera is blocked, the instrument cluster shows a message and Self-Driving features may be unavailable. We clean the camera and can check Controls > Service > Camera Visibility for recent visibility. If condensation is the cause, we warm the cabin, turn on the windshield defroster and aim the front vents at the door pillars. Tesla says to keep all cameras clean and unobstructed before each drive, and warns they may still miss hazards.

Tesla's Model S manual lists a camera above the rear license plate, one in each door pillar, two on the windshield above the rear view mirror, one on each front fender and a front-facing camera above the grille on the front fascia. A cabin camera also sits above the rear view mirror. Tesla warns not to rely on the cameras to detect objects or people, and to always check the area ourselves.

We turn it on in Controls > Display by choosing Center Screen or Driver Screen. When we signal, the side repeater camera view appears on the touchscreen or instrument panel, and a vertical red bar shows on that side if a vehicle is detected in the blind spot. We can drag the image to another spot on the touchscreen. Tesla warns the camera does not replace attentive driving and shoulder checks when changing lanes.

1) Touch Controls > Self-Driving > Autosteer (Beta), read the popup and touch Yes. 2) Make sure the headlights are set to On or Auto. 3) While driving, press the right scroll button; a chime confirms it. It works from 18 to 85 mph (30 to 140 km/h), or slower with a vehicle detected ahead. The right scroll button or the brake cancels it. Tesla requires our hands on the yoke or wheel and eyes on the road.

With Autosteer active, we engage the turn signal and Model S moves one lane in that direction, if lane markings allow it, the camera view is clear and no vehicle is detected in the blind spot or up to the center of the target lane. To move two lanes, we signal again after the first change. Tesla warns Auto Lane Change does not replace our own visual checks, and to watch the instrument cluster and be ready to steer.

With Autosteer active and a destination set, Navigate on Autosteer (Beta) suggests and, if set up, makes lane changes on controlled-access highways, including taking exits and passing slower cars. We turn it on in Controls > Self-Driving > Navigate on Autosteer (Beta) and adjust lane change style, confirmation and notifications in Customize Navigate on Autosteer. Leaving the highway returns to regular Autosteer. Tesla warns it may miss exits or lane changes, so we stay ready to steer.

With Autosteer or Full Self-Driving (Supervised) enabled in Controls > Self-Driving and cruise control off: 1) Drive below 8 mph (13 km/h) and watch the instrument cluster for detected spaces. 2) Roll the right scroll wheel to pick a space. 3) Press the right scroll button and let go of the yoke or wheel. 4) Wait for the message that parking is complete. Tesla warns Autopark may miss objects, so we keep watching and stay ready to brake.

At 40 to 90 mph (64 to 145 km/h) on clearly marked roads, it watches for Model S drifting out of its lane. In Controls > Self-Driving > Lane Departure Avoidance, Warning vibrates the yoke or wheel, Assist also steers us back to a safe position, and Off turns it off. It does not act while we signal. Tesla warns it does not work in every situation, so we keep our hands on the yoke or wheel.

We touch Controls > Safety > Blind Spot Collision Warning Chime and switch it on or off. When it is on, Model S chimes if a vehicle is in our blind spot and a possible collision is detected. Separately, Controls > Safety > Blind Spot Warning Light controls the red light on each front door pillar. Tesla warns the chime cannot detect every collision, so we stay alert and check over our shoulders when changing lanes.

It is a light on each front door pillar, at the upper speaker grille: solid red when something is in the blind spot, blinking red when we also signal that way, and rapid blinking when we must act now to avoid a collision. We switch it in Controls > Safety > Blind Spot Warning Light, and can add the accent lights via Controls > Lights > Blind Spot Warning Accent Lights. Tesla warns not to rely on it.

It estimates the distance to objects ahead and, if a frontal collision seems unavoidable, brakes to reduce speed and impact, from about 3 to 124 mph (5 to 200 km/h). It is on at every start; in Park we can turn it off for one drive in Controls > Self-Driving > Automatic Emergency Braking. Turning sharply or pressing the accelerator hard stops it. Tesla warns it cannot prevent all collisions and does not replace a safe following distance.

The cabin camera sits above the rear view mirror and, when Self-Driving is engaged, watches for driver inattentiveness and gives audible reminders to watch the road. By default its images and video stay in the car and are not sent to anyone, Tesla included, and it does no facial recognition. We can choose to share clips after safety events in Controls > Software > Data Sharing > Allow Cabin Camera Analytics. Tesla cautions against chemical or abrasive lens cleaners.

Where available: 1) In Park, touch Controls > Self-Driving > Full Self-Driving (Supervised), read the popup and touch Yes. 2) Set the headlights to On or Auto, sit in the driver's seat and buckle up. 3) Optionally enter a destination. 4) Press the right scroll button below 85 mph (140 km/h), or tap Start Self-Driving. The brake, the right scroll button or steering cancels it. Tesla says we must stay attentive and ready to take over.

It holds our set speed and a following distance behind a detected vehicle, braking and accelerating as needed, and stays active at a full stop. We press the right scroll button and release the accelerator, from 18 to 85 mph (30 to 140 km/h), then roll the right scroll wheel to change speed. Following distance is in Controls > Self-Driving > Cruise Follow Distance. Tesla warns it is a convenience feature, not a collision warning or avoidance system.

Summon moves Model S from the Tesla app while we stand outside on private property with a clear view. Dumb Summon goes straight forward or back; Actually Smart Summon drives to our phone or a chosen spot, steering around objects. We enable it in Controls > Self-Driving, tap Summon in the app, then press and hold the button; releasing it stops the car. We stay within about 279 ft (85 m). Tesla warns we must watch the car constantly.

1) Format a USB drive in Controls > Safety > Format USB Drive; cars from about 2020 come with one in the glovebox. 2) Insert it, ideally in the glovebox port. 3) Pick a mode in Controls > Safety > Dashcam: Auto saves after a safety-critical event such as a collision, Manual saves the last 10 minutes when we touch the Dashcam icon, and On Honk saves when we honk. Tesla warns Auto may not capture every event.

Sentry Mode watches for threats while Model S is locked and in Park. To record, it needs a formatted USB drive and Dashcam on. We turn it on in Controls > Safety > Sentry Mode, with its icon, or by voice. If it senses a possible threat or strong motion such as towing, it can flash the headlights, sound the alarm, alert the Tesla app and save footage. Tesla cautions not to rely on it as our only protection.

Partly. Without a USB drive, Sentry Mode can still send alerts to the Tesla app, but nothing is recorded. We can also watch the cameras live in the app after turning on View Live Camera via Mobile App in the Sentry Mode settings. That needs a phone paired as a key and Tesla's upgraded connectivity, and is limited to about one hour a day (15 minutes in some regions).

For Dashcam and Sentry Mode, Tesla says the drive needs at least 64 GB (bigger is better for video), a sustained write speed of at least 4 MB/s and USB 2.0 support. It must be formatted as exFAT, FAT, ext3 or ext4 (not NTFS) with a TeslaCam folder. We plug it into the glovebox port if equipped, or a front console port, never the rear ports, which only charge.

1) Insert the drive into a front USB port. 2) Touch Controls > Safety > Format USB Drive. Model S formats it as exFAT and creates a TeslaCam folder, plus a TeslaTrackMode folder if equipped. The option only appears when the drive has one partition or none and is in a front port. Tesla warns that formatting erases everything on the drive, so we copy off anything we want to keep first.

In Park, we touch the Dashcam icon in the app launcher. Clips are listed by location and time, and we can pause, rewind and fast-forward; Dashcam recording pauses while the viewer is open. On a computer, we open the TeslaCam folder, which holds RecentClips, SavedClips and SentryClips. Encrypted clips play in the car that recorded them or at dashcam.tesla.com. Tesla notes that when space runs low, the oldest Sentry clips are deleted permanently.

1) Touch Controls > Safety > PIN to Drive. 2) Follow the prompts to create a 4-digit PIN. The PIN is then needed every time we drive. If we forget it, we touch the link on the PIN to Drive popup, enter our Tesla login and follow the steps. If the touchscreen does not respond, we restart it first; if that fails, the owner can clear the PIN in the Tesla app under Security & Drivers.

1) Touch Controls > Safety > Glovebox PIN. 2) Follow the on-screen directions to set a 4-digit PIN. This PIN is separate from PIN to Drive. To turn it off later, we touch the toggle and enter the PIN. If we forget the PIN, we reset it by entering our Tesla login and following the directions on the touchscreen.

1) Shift into Park. 2) Touch Controls > Safety > Speed Limit Mode. 3) Choose a top speed from 50 to 120 mph (80–193 km/h). 4) Drag the slider to On and enter a 4-digit PIN, created the first time. Acceleration switches to Chill, and a chime and message appear within about 3 mph (5 km/h) of the limit. Tesla warns that speed can still go above the limit downhill and that the feature does not replace good judgment.

We turn on Controls > Safety > Security Alarm. It arms one minute after we leave, once the doors lock and no recognized key is detected. If a locked door or trunk is then opened with no key nearby, the alarm sounds and the headlights and turn signals flash; pressing any key fob button stops it. Cars with a battery-backed siren also sound it. Security Alarm settings are not available while Sentry Mode is on.

Parental Controls limit what Model S can do and lock safety settings on. Options include Limit Speed, Reduce Acceleration (Chill), Require Safety Features such as Automatic Emergency Braking and Lane Departure Avoidance, curfew alerts in the Tesla app for driving between 11 PM and 4 AM, and blocking Browser, Theater and Arcade. In Park, we touch Controls > Safety > Parental Controls, choose options, touch Confirm and set a PIN. They cannot be turned off from the app.

On cars equipped with Enhanced Anti-Theft, we can turn on Controls > Safety > Tilt/Intrusion. The alarm already sounds when a locked door or trunk is opened with no key detected; with Tilt/Intrusion on, it also sounds if motion is detected inside the cabin or the car is moved or tilted, for example by a tow truck or jack. Tesla notes that equipment varies by market and configuration, and Security Alarm settings are not available while Sentry Mode is on.

Model S has five USB ports. Two in the front console compartment charge devices and play audio from a USB drive; two below the rear touchscreen only charge; and one in the glovebox holds the Dashcam and Sentry Mode drive. They give up to about 27 W, varying by build date. Tesla recommends USB 3.0-compliant cables and warns not to connect several devices through a USB hub, as they may not charge or be recognized.

Rear passengers can set the rear temperature and fan, turn rear climate on or off, use the rear seat heaters, move the front passenger seat, control media, stream video, play games, follow the navigation route and pair up to two Bluetooth headsets. Changing rear media or volume also changes it in front. To lock the rear screen, we touch Controls > Display > Lock Rear Display, or use the rear screen remote app in the front touchscreen's bottom bar.

1) Shift into Park. 2) Press and hold both scroll buttons on the yoke or steering wheel until the touchscreen turns black. 3) After a few seconds the Tesla logo appears; we wait about 30 seconds for the restart to finish. This restarts only the touchscreen, not the whole car. If it still does not respond after a few minutes, Tesla suggests power cycling Model S if possible.

Equipped cars have a built-in transceiver for up to three devices, such as garage doors and gates. 1) Park facing the device and keep its path clear, as it may move. 2) Touch its icon at the top of Controls and create a named device. 3) Choose Standard, D-Mode or UR-Mode, touch Set Mode, then Start, and follow the prompts. 4) Save and test. Tesla warns never to use it with a device that lacks safety stop and reverse.

We plug a USB flash drive into a front USB port on the center console; the ports at the rear of the console only charge. The drive can be formatted as exFAT, but NTFS is not supported, and only flash drives work, so other devices connect through Bluetooth. Then we touch Media Player, choose USB and pick a folder. Rolling the left scroll button on the yoke or steering wheel changes the volume.

We fully press the microphone button on the right side of the yoke or steering wheel and speak after the chime. Examples: make it cooler, turn on the rear defroster, speed up the wipers, lock the doors, open the glovebox, navigate home, show nearby Superchargers, call a contact, skip to next, or show me the Owner's Manual. Some commands, such as Sentry Mode and Pet Mode, need Park, and calls need a phone connected by Bluetooth.

In the Tesla app (version 4.3.1 or later), we go to Security > Add Driver from the vehicle home screen and follow the steps. The added driver can use an existing Tesla Account or create one, and gets every app feature except buying upgrades. To remove a driver, we use Security > Manage Drivers. Mobile access must also be on in the car under Controls > Safety > Allow Mobile Access.

1) Sit in Model S with the touchscreen on, unlock the phone and turn on its Bluetooth. 2) Touch Controls > Bluetooth to scan. 3) Touch Connect next to the phone. 4) Check that the numbers match on both screens and confirm on the phone. Under Paired Devices we can allow contacts, recent calls and messages. Up to 10 phones can be paired. Tesla cautions against leaving a paired phone in the car.

Yes. Model S can use a mobile hotspot instead of a regular Wi-Fi network, though carrier fees and limits may apply. We connect in Controls > Wi-Fi like any network, and select Remain Connected in Drive to keep the hotspot connected while driving. Public hotspots that need a web login page and accepting terms are not supported. Tesla recommends staying on Wi-Fi when parked at home for fast, reliable software and map updates.

Where available, we turn it on with the map settings icon or in Controls > Navigation > Trip Planner. When a route needs charging, it adds Supercharger stops with suggested charging times and estimated energy on arrival. Charging longer or shorter updates the later stops. When we navigate to a Supercharger, Model S preconditions the battery to cut charging time, which uses some energy. For a third-party fast charger, we set it as the destination so the battery preconditions.

We touch the navigation settings icon, which shows after we start navigating, or go to Controls > Navigation. There we turn on Avoid Tolls to route around tolls where possible, Avoid Highways to show a route without highways, and Avoid Ferries to route around ferries. Tesla notes these options vary by market region and vehicle configuration. Online Routing in the same menu can also reroute us around traffic when a faster route is available.

Arcade works with Bluetooth Classic controllers and USB controllers, and some games use the yoke or steering wheel buttons. We pair a Bluetooth controller the same way as a phone, and it reconnects by itself after that; two Bluetooth devices can connect at once, such as two controllers. USB controllers go in the front console ports on cars built before about November 1, 2021, or the glovebox port on later cars. Tesla says games are for use only while parked.

Theater streams video over Wi-Fi or Tesla's upgraded connectivity, Arcade has games, and Toybox holds fun features such as Boombox, Emissions, Light Show, Mars, Rainbow Road, Romance, Sketchpad, TRAX, Paint Shop and Halloween Mode. Boombox needs the Pedestrian Warning System. Tesla says these are for use only while parked; shifting out of Park pauses video on the front touchscreen, though audio continues. Options vary by market, build date and configuration.

Updates download over Wi-Fi. When the clock icon appears at the top of the touchscreen, we touch it and choose Install Now or Set For This Time. Some take about 30 minutes. Model S must stay in Park, and charging pauses until it finishes. Tesla warns not to use the car during installation, as safety systems, doors and windows may be limited. Updates will not install while Keep Climate On, Pet Mode or Camp Mode is on.

On equipped cars, we touch Controls, then the display icon, and choose a screen position. Tesla warns to keep fingers, jewelry and other objects out of the gap between the screen and the instrument panel. From the front, we control the rear screen with the rear screen remote app in the bottom bar, lock it with Controls > Display > Lock Rear Display, and touch Sync on the rear climate tab to match both cabins.

Active Road Noise Reduction lowers low-frequency road noise on rough surfaces. Microphones in the seats measure cabin noise, and the speakers create anti-noise to form quiet zones around each occupant. We find it in Media Player > Audio Settings > Options; it may need several minutes of driving to calibrate. Covering the microphones, for example with seat covers, reduces its effect, and it may turn off when a window or door opens or the fan is turned up.

1) Touch and hold any app or control in My Apps on the bottom bar, or touch the App Launcher if that area is empty. 2) Drag an app or control from the app tray into My Apps. Seat heaters added this way appear next to the temperature control. When My Apps is full, adding one more removes the app on the far right. To remove an app, we touch and hold it, then touch its X.

On the map, Supercharger pins show how many stalls are predicted to be free when we arrive, a warning at high-volume sites that we may need to wait before charging, and whether a site has reduced capacity or is closed, along with typical busy times. Some sites also offer a site map with real-time availability. If a Supercharger on our route has an outage, Model S notifies us and reroutes to another Supercharger.

Release notes appear on the touchscreen after each update finishes. To read them again at any time, we touch Controls > Software > Release Notes, which covers the current software version. Tesla asks us to read all release notes, because they may contain important safety information or operating instructions. Tesla also notes that we cannot go back to a previous software version after an update.

Pet Mode keeps the climate running in Park after we leave, and the touchscreen shows the cabin temperature. 1) Make sure Model S is not in Low Power Mode. 2) Shift into Park. 3) Touch Pet Mode on the climate screen or in the Tesla app. Windows cannot be lowered, and the app alerts us if climate turns off or the battery falls below 20%. Tesla says to use it only briefly with us nearby, and to check local laws.

Camp Mode keeps the climate running in Park while the touchscreen, USB ports and low-voltage outlet stay powered. With Low Power Mode off, we shift into Park and touch Camp Mode on the climate screen or in the Tesla app. While it runs, Sentry Mode and the alarm are off, Walk-Away Door Lock is inactive and software updates cannot install. Low Power Mode turns it off, and Tesla advises not using it if the climate system needs service.

It runs the air conditioning after we leave when the cabin gets hotter than 105°F (40°C), or a temperature we choose. We set it in Controls > Safety > Cabin Overheat Protection; Exclude Home skips our Home location. It can take 15 minutes to start and runs up to 12 hours or until the Low Power Mode threshold. Tesla warns it cannot prevent dangerous heat in extreme conditions, so we never leave children or pets inside.

Keep Climate On keeps the climate running in Park after we leave, for example to protect groceries on a hot day. 1) Make sure Model S is not in Low Power Mode. 2) Shift into Park. 3) Touch Keep Climate On on the climate screen. It holds the current settings until we shift out of Park or turn it off. Tesla advises against using it when the battery is low and warns never to leave a child unattended.

It sits in the HVAC module behind the front right footwell cover; Tesla says to replace it every 2 years. 1) Turn climate off and move the front right seat fully back. 2) Pull down the magnetic footwell cover and unplug its harness. 3) Squeeze the filter door lock and remove the door. 4) Swap the filter, with the new one's arrows facing the rear. 5) Refit the door, cover and seat, then reset the filter interval.

If the charge port latch freezes and the cable is stuck, we touch Controls > Service > Inlet Heater. If the cable still will not release after several minutes, we use the manual release. If we cannot insert or remove the cable, or the frozen latch blocks Supercharging, Defrost Car in the Tesla app helps. A frozen latch may not lock the cable, but slow AC charging still works, and a Schedule helps stop it from freezing.

Tesla suggests setting a departure time in Controls > Schedule, or starting climate in the Tesla app 30–45 minutes before we leave, which also warms the battery. Defrost Car frees frozen handles, windows, mirrors and wipers. If ice is expected, we turn off mirror Auto-Fold and use Controls > Service > Wiper Service Mode. Tire pressure drops about 1 PSI (0.07 bar) per 10°F (6°C). Tesla cautions that with no power, we connect external low-voltage power before opening a door.

Tesla suggests turning on Cabin Overheat Protection, parking in shade or using a sunshade in direct sun, and setting a departure time with Schedule. We start climate from the Tesla app 30–45 minutes before leaving and use Pet Mode to keep pets or perishables cool. Turning off the A/C about 30 seconds before shifting into Park reduces water puddles under the car. We keep Model S plugged in so the charging system, not the battery, holds the cabin temperature.

We set the dashboard's face-level vent on the touchscreen, then touch and drag the radiating air waves in front of each vent to change its direction. Centered air flows as one stream; dragging outward or inward splits it into mirrored streams, each weaker. Model S also has vents at the top and bottom of the rear console. Tesla asks us to keep the air intake grille in front of the windshield clear of leaves and snow.

In Park, we press the button on the Tesla charge cable, touch Controls > Charging > Open Charge Port, or hold the key fob rear trunk button for 1–2 seconds. If the cable will not release: 1) Stop charging. 2) Open the rear trunk. 3) Pull the charge port release cable down. 4) Pull the cable out. Tesla warns to pull the release first, never during charging, and never to close the port door by hand.

Yes, if supported. Every Tesla has an NACS port, but third-party DC fast chargers need CCS support. In Controls > Software > Additional Vehicle Information, Enabled means CCS stations (with an adapter) and third-party NACS stations work, Not enabled means a retrofit may be offered in the Tesla app, and Not compatible means they cannot be used. Controls > Navigation > Third-Party Charging Stations shows them, but Trip Planner will not route to them automatically.

White or light blue: the door is open and ready, or the latch is unlocked. Blue: connected but not charging, for example when scheduled. Blinking blue: talking to the charger. Blinking green: charging, slowing as the battery fills. Solid green: charging complete. Solid amber: the connector is not fully inserted, so we reinsert it. Blinking amber: charging at reduced current (AC only). Red: a fault stopped charging, so we check the touchscreen or instrument panel.

In Park, we set it in Controls > Charging or the Tesla app, which show Tesla's recommended daily and trip ranges. Sliding past the daily range gives a one-time higher limit for a long trip, which resets afterward. We can also save a separate limit for the current location. Tesla advises not letting the battery drop to 20% or below, when the icon turns yellow, and leaving Model S plugged in when not in use.

The charging screen shows the session location, start time and estimated cost; the final price appears in our Tesla account. Congestion fees apply only when a site is at capacity and our battery is above the congestion limit, or after our session ends; the first 5 minutes are free, then fees run until we move Model S. Each site's rates show in its popup or the app, and busy sites may cap charging at 80% unless we use Trip Planner.

1) Touch Controls > Schedule, also found on the climate and charging screens and in the Tesla app. 2) Pick Current Location, Home or Work. 3) Under Precondition, set the departure time and days. 4) Under Charge, set the start and stop times. 5) Touch Create. Tesla recommends setting the End-by time to our departure so charging finishes just before we leave and the battery stays warm. Schedules are ignored at Superchargers and other fast chargers.

Tesla lists three kinds. The Wall Connector is installed where we park and is the fastest option for daily charging. The Mobile Connector plugs into common outlets, with its smart adapter attached before plugging into the outlet. Adapters connect to the most common public charging stations in our region and go on the station's connector first. They are sold at shop.tesla.com, depending on region. Tesla warns the high voltage system has no user-serviceable parts.

Tesla's tips: drive more slowly and avoid fast acceleration, using Chill in Controls > Dynamics > Acceleration if we like. Ease off the accelerator instead of braking so regenerative braking recovers energy. Use seat and yoke or steering wheel heaters rather than cabin heat, and precondition while plugged in. Keep tires at the right pressure, remove extra cargo, close the windows, turn off Sentry Mode and Cabin Overheat Protection when not needed, and stay plugged in when parked.

Low Power Mode saves energy when range drops below a threshold we set in Controls > Charging > Low Power Mode, from 10% to 20% (20% by default). While it is active, Sentry Mode, Keep Accessory Power On, Actually Smart Summon Standby Mode, Keep Climate On and Camp, Cabin Overheat Protection and Preconditioning turn off and cannot be enabled. Tesla notes that standby functions, screen use and app checks still use energy, and cold weather drains it faster.

Model S must be on an AC charger of at least 5 kW, below 20% charge, in Park, with no battery or thermal alerts, no pending update and a Wi-Fi or cellular connection. We touch Controls > Service > Battery Health Test and Start Test. It takes up to 24 hours, discharges the battery below 10% and disables Sentry Mode and climate. Tesla warns not to leave anyone inside and to cancel before unplugging. Some cars lack this feature.

Tesla advises keeping Model S plugged in when not in use, charging regularly and saving Supercharging for road trips. Where the car recommends an 80% daily limit, we set about 80% and use 100% only before long drives. We avoid sitting near 0% or 100% for long periods and store it at about 50%, plugged in. Unplugged, it loses about 1% per day. Tesla cautions that reaching 0% can damage components, so we plug in right away.

Range Assurance keeps watch over our energy level and how close we are to known charging locations. If we risk driving beyond reach of a charger, the touchscreen offers a list of reachable charging locations; choosing one starts navigation and shows the predicted energy on arrival. Touching Chargers in the navigation search bar switches charger types, such as Superchargers or destination chargers. Tesla notes the displayed range uses EPA-rated consumption and may drop faster than the distance we drive.

Tesla says to use the Tire and Loading Information label on the driver's side door pillar, even if the tire sidewall shows a different number. Controls > Service also shows current and recommended cold pressures, and Controls > Display > Tire Pressure switches between Bar and PSI. We check monthly with cold tires, after parking for over 3 hours. Tesla warns never to let air out of warm tires to match the cold figure, because they would be underinflated.

Tesla says the tire pressure sensors relearn automatically after we replace one or more wheels, not just a tire. Driving above 15 mph (25 km/h) completes the relearn, usually within about 2 minutes. We then check that the tire pressure light behaves normally. Tesla cautions that accessories it has not approved, or wheels and tires that differ from the original spec, can disrupt the system.

A lit amber tire icon means a tire is well under or over the right pressure. We stop safely, check and correct the pressure, then drive briefly above 15 mph (25 km/h) so the light can go out. If it flashes for one minute at startup and then stays on, the system has a fault and we schedule service in the Tesla app. Tesla warns underinflation causes most tire failures and the system may not catch every low-pressure condition.

1) Unclip the trapezoid trim pieces between the spokes. 2) Reach under each spoke end and push its clips to release it, prying stuck center blades with a removal tool. 3) Pull the cover off with both hands. To refit, start with the small pieces at the valve hole, press the center and spoke edges, then the center cap by hand. Tesla says to secure covers fully before driving and to remove them before exceeding 163 mph (262 km/h).

Yes, on the rear tires only and never on summer tires. The manual names one approved chain for 19-inch and 21-inch tires, and on 21-inch wheels chains go only on All-Season tires. We set the air suspension to Medium, turn off Default Ride Height to Low, fit chains evenly and tight, and never deflate tires to fit them. Tesla says not to exceed 30 mph (48 km/h), to check local rules, and that damage from unapproved chains is not covered.

Tesla says every 6,250 miles (10,000 km), or sooner if tread depth differs by 2/32 in (1.5 mm) or more since the last rotation. Staggered tires go side to side only, never front to back. After rotating or replacing tires, we update Controls > Service > Wheel & Tire > Tires. Tesla also says not to use tires below 4/32 in (3 mm) of tread, and to replace them every six years even with tread left.

We touch Controls > Service > Wheel & Tire > Wheels and pick the wheel that matches the new set, which also updates the car image on screen. Tesla says this affects range estimates, tire pressure warning levels and the visualization. New wheels should keep the same front and rear staggering as the originals. After swapping tires, including winter tires with the mountain-and-snowflake mark, we also update Wheel & Tire > Tires. Tesla says to use only Tesla-approved wheels.

Tesla lists a lug nut torque of 129 lb-ft (175 Nm) with a 21 mm socket, and the page gives one value for all factory wheels. Those wheels come in 19-inch and 21-inch sizes, with wider rims at the rear than at the front. Tesla warns not to drive on damaged, excessively worn or incorrectly inflated tires, and to check them regularly for wear, cuts, bulges and exposed cord.

In the U.S., Canada, Puerto Rico and Korea, the factory sizes are staggered. 19-inch All-Season: 255/45R19 front and 285/40R19 rear. 21-inch All-Season: 265/35R21 front and 295/30R21 rear. 21-inch Summer: 265/35ZR21 front and 295/30ZR21 rear. In Mexico, the 19-inch tires are Summer tires in the same sizes. Tesla notes the maximum pressure on the tire sidewall is not the pressure it recommends for Model S.

Tesla marks the only approved body lift points in a manual diagram; lift pads must never go under the battery or side rails. 1) Press the brake and set the suspension to Very High. 2) Turn on Controls > Service > Jack Mode. 3) Place the pads under the lift points, raise with help and engage the lift locks. Tesla warns that without Jack Mode the suspension can self-level and cause serious injury, and never to lift while plugged in.

The tire repair kit is a temporary fix for punctures up to 1/4 in (6 mm); larger or sidewall damage needs Roadside Assistance. 1) Park safely and connect the sealant tube to the valve. 2) Plug the kit into a low-voltage outlet and run it on the tire setting. 3) If pressure stays under 22 PSI (1.5 bar) after 15 minutes, drive a few feet and retry. Tesla warns never to drive on a deflated tire or remove embedded objects.

Tesla recommends genuine Tesla floor mats to protect the carpet and make cleaning easier. We clean them regularly, check that they are still attached and replace them when they are badly worn. Tesla warns that the driver's floor mat must be securely fastened so it cannot interfere with the pedals, and that we should never stack a mat on top of another mat or other covering.

With the car stationary and not charging, we touch Controls > Service > Car Wash Mode. It closes all windows, locks the charge port and disables the wipers, Sentry Mode, walk-away locking and parking sensor chimes. For an automatic wash, we press the brake and touch Enable Free Roll, or shift into Neutral. It ends above 9 mph (15 km/h) or when we touch Exit. Tesla cautions that skipping it can damage the charge port or wipers.

We 1) hose off grit, including wheel wells and, after winter salting, the underside and brakes, 2) hand wash with a soft cloth, cold or lukewarm water and mild car shampoo, 3) rinse before soap dries, 4) dry with a chamois. Tesla allows touchless automatic washes only, wants pressure washers at least 12 in (30 cm) away, and cautions against hot water, detergents, soaps above pH 13, chemical wheel cleaners, direct sun and spraying the charge port while charging.

We touch Controls > Display > Screen Clean Mode, which darkens the screen so dust and smudges are easier to see. We wipe it with a soft, lint-free cloth made for displays, then press and hold HOLD TO EXIT. The same care applies to the rear touchscreen and the instrument panel. Tesla says not to use glass cleaner, alcohol-based gels such as hand sanitizer, wet wipes or dry, static-prone cloths, and cautions that static charge can damage the screens.

We spray water on each camera lens and dry it carefully with a microfiber cloth: at least weekly in snow, rain or sleet, and monthly in dry weather. The front camera sprayer runs from the spray icon in the Camera app and may also spray at the start of a drive. Tesla says not to put a hydrophobic coating on the windshield, since it may affect camera visibility, and cautions against chemical or abrasive cleaners on the lenses.

Tesla recommends a genuine Tesla car cover, sold through the Tesla Shop, to protect the body when the car is not in use. Tesla cautions that when the car is plugged in, we should use only a Tesla-approved cover, because other covers can stop the battery from cooling properly while charging. So with any other cover, we take it off before we plug in to charge.

The driver's side blade is 26 in (650 mm) and the passenger's side 20 in (500 mm), with the original connector type; we replace them at least yearly. We 1) park and turn the wipers off, 2) touch Controls > Service > Wiper Service Mode, 3) lift the arm slightly over a towel, 4) press the locking tab and slide the blade off, 5) slide the new one on until it locks. Tesla warns an unlocked blade can detach.

The washer fluid reservoir is behind the front trunk. We 1) open the hood and clean around the filler cap, 2) open the cap and fill until the fluid is just below the filler neck, 3) wipe up spills, rinse the area with water and refit the cap. Tesla recommends its own washer fluid, with antifreeze below 40°F (4°C), and warns that untreated water or fluids with water repellent or bug wash can cause odor, damage, streaking or squeaking.

Tesla says to use only genuine Tesla parts and accessories, and that it cannot assess or take responsibility for parts from other distributors. Tesla warns that non-approved parts or modifications can affect performance and occupant safety, and damage they cause is not covered by the warranty. Non-original or salvaged parts are not covered either. After a collision, Tesla asks for repairs by Tesla or a Tesla-approved Body Shop. Accessories can also change range and vehicle dimensions.

Tesla lists: cabin air filter every 2 years, HEPA filter every 3 years, wiper blades every year, and tire rotation every 6,250 mi (10,000 km) or when tread depth differs by 2/32 in (1.5 mm), whichever comes first. Where roads are salted in winter, brake calipers need cleaning and lubricating every year or 12,500 mi (20,000 km). Brake fluid gets a periodic health check, and battery coolant normally never needs replacing. Controls > Service > Maintenance tracks these items.

Daily, Tesla suggests checking charge level, tire condition and pressure, lights, horn, turn signals, wipers and washers, alerts, brakes and parking brake, seat belts and the ground for leaks; a small pool of A/C water is normal. Weekly in wet weather, or monthly when dry, we clean the cameras. Monthly, we check the washer fluid level and the A/C. Tesla also suggests pressing the brake pedal often to keep the pads and rotors dry.

Tesla's maintenance schedule includes a periodic brake fluid health check, with replacement if necessary. Heavy use, such as long mountain descents, performance driving or hot, humid climates, may call for more frequent checks. Tesla says not to top up the brake fluid ourselves; only Tesla or a professional repair shop should check the level. Tesla also warns that brake fluid is poisonous, so we never swallow or inhale it or let it touch open wounds.

Service Mode is meant for qualified automotive professionals running diagnostics, repairs and maintenance, but it also shows more detail on alerts and allows simple procedures such as brake burnishing. Speed is restricted and some features, including Sentry Mode, are off while it is active. Tesla warns that misuse can cause permanent damage or serious injury, not covered by warranty. For owner jobs, Tesla lists wiper blades, cabin filters and the paint protection film kit, with guides at tesla.com/support.

Tesla says to place a toll transponder (RFID tag) inside the car on the bottom corner of the windshield, where it reads best and blocks the least of our view, and to follow the transponder maker's own placement instructions. If we have a weather-proof transponder, Tesla says it can instead be attached to the front license plate, outside the car.

Length is 197.7 in (5,021 mm), or 198.7 in (5,046 mm) on Plaid. Width is 86.2 in (2,189 mm) with mirrors and 78.2 in (1,987 mm) without. Height is 56.3 in (1,430 mm) at medium suspension and 57.6 in (1,463 mm) at highest. The wheelbase is 116.5 in (2,960 mm). Ground clearance is 4.9 in (126 mm) at medium; at lowest, 4.6 in (117 mm), or 4.3 in (109 mm) on Plaid. Tesla says values are approximate.

Tesla lists 3.1 cu ft (89 L) in the front trunk and 25.0 cu ft (709 L) behind the second row, for a maximum of 28.2 cu ft (798 L) with five people aboard. With the second row folded flat, there is 61.4 cu ft (1,739 L) behind the first row, up to 64.6 cu ft (1,828 L) in total with two aboard. The open liftgate can reach about 7.5 ft (2.3 m); its height is adjustable for low ceilings.

No. Tesla's Model S manual says Model S does not currently support towing, and Tesla warns not to tow with it, because towing can cause damage and increase the risk of a collision. Tesla also cautions that using towing components or accessories it has not approved may void the warranty. So we carry loads inside the car, ideally in the trunks, and stay within the limits on the Tire and Loading Information label.

The Tire and Loading Information label on the driver's center door pillar gives the maximum combined weight of occupants and cargo. We 1) take that figure, 2) add up the weight of the driver and passengers, 3) subtract it; the rest is our cargo and luggage capacity. When fully loaded, we check all tire pressures. Tesla warns that overloading affects braking and handling, and says never to exceed the GVWR or either axle rating (GAWR).

Tesla's Model S manual allows up to 165 lb (75 kg) on the roof of a glass-roof Model S, using a Tesla-approved roof rack. Whatever we carry, Tesla warns that overloading affects braking and handling, and says never to load the car above its GVWR or either axle rating (GAWR). Tesla also prefers the trunks for cargo, since loose items in the cabin can hurt occupants in a collision or hard braking.

We can see the VIN on the touchscreen in Controls > Software, on a plate on top of the dashboard that is visible through the windshield from the driver's side, and on the Vehicle Certification label on the door pillar when the driver's door is open. The emission control label is separate: on the opening face of the liftgate for model years before 2022, and inside the front hood for model year 2022 and newer.

Tesla's Model S specifications list the low voltage battery at 15.5 V with a 6.9 Ah capacity, and the page does not name its chemistry. The high voltage battery is a separate, liquid-cooled lithium-ion pack with a nominal voltage of 407 V DC. The page lists the same battery values for Model S and Model S Plaid. Tesla also says not to leave the car above 149°F (65°C) or below -22°F (-30°C) for more than 24 hours.

In the front, we pull up the manual door release just in front of the window switches. In the rear, we 1) fold back the edge of the carpet below the rear seats to reach the mechanical release cable, 2) pull the cable toward the center of the car. Tesla says to use them only when there is no power; the window does not lower automatically, so we take care not to damage it or the trim.

We need an external low voltage supply, such as a portable jump starter. 1) Press the top-right edge of the front tow eye cover until it pivots in, then pull it out. 2) Pull out the two wires and connect red (+) to red and black (-) to black. 3) Turn on the supply; the hood unlatches right away. 4) Disconnect black first. Tesla says not to leave the cables on over 30 seconds, and this cannot charge the battery.

With an external low voltage supply, we 1) open the hood with the no-power steps, 2) pull up the maintenance panel, 3) release the red cover and connect red (+) to the jump post, 4) connect black (-) to the ground point in front of the low voltage battery, 5) turn on the supply and touch the screen. We disconnect black first. The post location changed around January 2023. Tesla warns Model S must never jump-start another vehicle.

Once out of range, the low voltage battery is no longer supported, so the car cannot charge without an external supply. We pull over safely and have Tesla Roadside Assistance or a tow provider take it to the nearest charger. There, we jump-start the low voltage system, plug in, and remove the supply once charging begins. Tesla warns not to assume any range is left at 0 mi (0 km); resulting towing and battery damage are not covered by warranty.

The car must be unplugged, with a key detected, the parking brake on and low voltage power available. We 1) shift into Park and chock the tires, 2) press and hold the brake pedal, 3) touch Controls > Service > Towing, then Enter Tow Mode; the button turns blue. The car can then roll below 5 mph (8 km/h) for less than 30 ft (10 m). Tesla warns never to transport it with tires that can spin.

We use the Roadside Assistance option in the Tesla app where available, or find the phone number under Controls > Service. In the US and Canada it is 1-877-798-3752 (1-877-79TESLA); in Mexico, 800-228-8145. We have the VIN ready (Controls > Software, or through the driver's side of the windshield), plus our exact location and a description of the problem. Tesla says Roadside is available 24/7 for the length of the warranty period.

Tesla says to treat a submerged car as if it had been in a crash and to contact our insurer. We do not drive it until an authorized shop, such as Tesla Service, has inspected it. Once safe to reach, it should be moved at least 50 ft (15 m) away from buildings, other vehicles and personal property. If we see flames or smoke, hear popping or hissing, or feel unusual heat, we move away and call first responders.

CP_a053: the station is not powered, so we try other equipment. CP_a133: the handle is not fully seated, so we push it fully in or try other equipment. BMS_a079: charging is limited to below 50%; it is OK to drive, but we schedule service. BMS_a123: reduced isolation was detected, so we do not charge, and we contact Roadside Assistance if we notice odors, sounds or damage. CC_ codes point to the Wall Connector or its wiring.

Alert APP_w396 means a hazy residue on the windshield is blocking the front camera. It is OK to drive. We check the windshield for dirt, ice or wiper streaks; if it continues on the next drive, we schedule service to clean the inside of the windshield at the camera area. A related alert, APP_w222, means the front camera is blocked, limiting Traffic-Aware Cruise Control and Autosteer, so we clean the top center of the windshield.

When alert DI_a250, Adaptive ride control disabled, appears, the car limits its speed to 90 mph (144 km/h) and the ride may feel softer than usual. Tesla says it is OK to drive, but we drive with caution. If the alert keeps coming back, we schedule service so the system can be checked.

Tesla says the air suspension self-levels even with the power off, so Jack Mode must be on before loading to prevent damage. We 1) touch Controls, press the brake and touch Very High, 2) touch Controls > Service > Jack Mode, 3) fit the tow eye and enter Tow Mode before winching. Jack Mode cancels above 4 mph (7 km/h). Tesla says to always transport Model S with all four tires off the ground, ideally on a flatbed.

Alerts DIF_a251, DIR_a251, DIREL_a251 and DIRER_a251 mean the gearbox fluid needs to be inspected. Tesla says it is OK to drive, but warns that driving for a long time with this alert may cause permanent damage to the gearbox or powertrain. So we schedule service soon rather than ignoring it.

In the US, Emergency Drive Away stops Supercharging and lets us drive away with the connector still plugged in, only when our safety is under immediate threat and getting out is unsafe. 1) Press the brake. 2) Shift into Drive or Reverse. 3) Keep braking and touch Activate. 4) Shift again and drive. Tesla warns it can damage the car and charger at our cost, and Tesla Service must then inspect Model S.

Four alerts share this title. BMS_a035 and BMS_a151 mean reduced isolation was found while driving or charging; with a151 we do not charge, and we stop and contact Roadside Assistance if we notice odors, sounds or damage. BMS_a027 means isolation was low across several drives, and Tesla says not to drive further until it is inspected. BMS_a059 means pack voltage does not match the cell readings: it is OK to drive, but we schedule service if it persists.

Alert APP_w207 appears when outside conditions, such as faded lane lines, weather, glare or temperature, stop Autosteer, or when we exceed the Autosteer speed limit while it is active. It is OK to drive, so we continue to our destination. If Autosteer is still unavailable on the next planned drive, we check for mud, ice, mounted objects, paint or wraps, or bumper damage, then schedule service at our convenience.